Data System & Survey Design

02 — Service Area

Data Systems & Survey Design

We don’t just collect data — we architect evidence. Every survey instrument, every digital protocol, every household dataset we design is built to answer the questions that move millions of dollars and millions of lives.

18+ Countries deployed
30+ Peer-reviewed papers
15+ Years of field evidence
$M+ Donor decisions informed

The gap between field reality and boardroom decision is where most development data fails.

We close that gap. This methodology was built by our founder, Dr. Stanley Karanja, over 15+ years designing data systems for institutions including CIAT and the Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT — before he founded Profit Logic Consultancy — combining rigorous economic theory, digital field protocols, and publication-grade quality control. That same field-tested approach is now applied to every survey system delivered through the consultancy today.

01 — Methodologies

Six data systems. Field-tested. Peer-reviewed. Investment-grade.

The six data systems below were designed and delivered by Dr. Stanley Karanja during his time with CIAT, the Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT, and partner universities — prior to founding Profit Logic Consultancy. The same methodological rigour now underpins every survey system built through the consultancy.

Case 01 — Ghana

Ex-ante CBA Data Architecture for Climate-Smart Agriculture

Heliyon, 2021 · USAID-funded · Coastal Savannah AEZ

Most investment decisions in climate agriculture are made on anecdote. This work replaced anecdote with a fully standardized household data platform designed to capture the true cost structure of climate-smart practices — before a single dollar is committed.

Using SurveyCTO and ODK, production cost databases were built that integrated labor, inputs, environmental indicators, and seasonal variability at household level — then extrapolated to national investment estimates including externalities.

SurveyCTO ODK Ex-ante CBA Sensitivity Modeling National Extrapolation
Case 02 — 11 Countries

Harmonized Multi-Country Survey Systems Under Uncertainty

Climate Risk Management, 2025 · Africa & Asia

When a donor wants cross-country evidence, the biggest risk is incomparable data. This was solved by engineering a single unified household survey instrument deployed across 11 countries in Africa and Asia — capturing financial, behavioral, and climate-risk variables in a structure designed for cross-country econometric analysis from day one.

The datasets were then paired with Monte Carlo simulation in R and @Risk to model investment decisions under uncertainty — revealing that structural market constraints, not risk perception, are the binding barrier to CSA adoption.

Multi-Country Instruments Monte Carlo (@Risk) R / STATA Financial CBA Uncertainty Analysis
Case 03 — East Africa

Geo-Referenced Adoption Systems: Linking Farmer Decisions to Landscape

Int. Soil & Water Cons. Research, 2019 · CIAT / CGIAR

Why does the same technology succeed in one village and fail in the next? A geo-referenced household survey system was designed to link farmer adoption decisions to profitability, soil type, and landscape-level resilience variables — making invisible spatial patterns legible to researchers and investors.

The system powered econometric adoption models that identified the precise socio-economic conditions under which soil-carbon technologies become viable — evidence that directly informed scaling decisions across East Africa.

Geo-referenced Surveys Econometric Modeling Adoption Barrier Analysis Soil-Carbon Metrics
Case 04 — Sub-Saharan Africa

Value-Chain Survey Platforms for Climate Adaptation Prioritization

Heliyon, 2022 · Multi-country SSA · Smallholder Value Chains

A donor with limited resources faces a hard question: which climate adaptation strategy deserves the next $10 million? This work contributed to large-scale household survey platforms built across multiple Sub-Saharan Africa value chains to generate harmonized datasets required for cost-benefit ranking of adaptation strategies.

The methodology combined rigorous sampling design with standardized instruments, enabling apples-to-apples comparison of adaptation options across crop types, agro-ecological zones, and national contexts.

Value-Chain Surveys CBA Ranking Harmonized Instruments Multi-AEZ Design
Case 05 — Kenya

Agent-Level CBA Frameworks for Circular Bioeconomy

Discover Sustainability, 2025 · DANIDA-funded · Dairy Sector

How do you measure the economic value of turning waste into wealth? When DANIDA funded Kenya’s circular dairy bioeconomy program, this work contributed to the data system capturing financial viability and systemic impact across the whey, cheese, and yogurt valorization pathway — at the level of each individual value-chain agent.

This agent-level CBA framework required purpose-built survey instruments combining structured interviews with financial modelling modules embedded in the survey instrument itself.

Agent-Level CBA Value-Chain Analysis Financial Viability Modeling Circular Economy Metrics
Case 06 — Evidence Synthesis

Synthesizing Global Evidence on Sandy Soil Reclamation

Frontiers in Soil Science, 2024 · Systematic Review · Kenya, Zimbabwe & Beyond

Not every evidence gap needs new data — sometimes it needs someone to make sense of what already exists. Contributed to a systematic review consolidating global evidence on sandy soil reclamation technologies, synthesizing findings on water retention, crop productivity, and soil carbon outcomes across multiple studies to identify what actually works at scale.

Knowing when existing evidence is sufficient — and when a donor genuinely needs new primary data collection instead — is itself a core judgment call in designing the right data system for a program.

Systematic Review Evidence Synthesis Sandy Soils Crop Productivity
02 — Our Process

How we turn a research question into an investable answer

1

Theory of Change Mapping

We begin with your investment logic — tracing causal pathways before designing a single question.

2

Instrument Architecture

Survey modules designed around economic variables, with embedded quality checks and skip logic.

3

Digital Protocol Setup

SurveyCTO / ODK deployment with enumerator training, pilot testing, and real-time validation.

4

Data Architecture & Cleaning

Institutionally-structured storage, reproducible cleaning pipelines in R or STATA, full audit trail.

5

Analysis & CBA Modelling

From econometric adoption models to Monte Carlo simulation — analysis matched to your decision context.

6

Publication & Policy Output

Peer-reviewed papers, technical reports, and executive policy briefs — all from the same dataset.

03 — Global Reach

Survey systems deployed in 18+ countries across three continents

🇰🇪
Kenya
Soil carbon, dairy, forage, CSA adoption
🇪🇹
Ethiopia
Adoption constraints, livestock CBA
🇿🇼
Zimbabwe
Sandy soils, climate adaptation
🇹🇿
Tanzania
Lab-in-field RCTs, CSA panel data
🇬🇭
Ghana
Ex-ante CBA, coastal savannah AEZ
🇲🇿
Mozambique
Agro-pastoral systems, vulnerability
🇲🇱
Mali
Coping strategies, climate variability
🇷🇼
Rwanda
Climate-smart resilience pathways
🇺🇬
Uganda
IKEA R4ICSA-II program evaluation
🇳🇬
Nigeria
Technology adoption surveys
🇻🇳
Vietnam
CSA multi-country risk analysis
🇵🇭
Philippines
Market access, resilience studies
🇨🇴
Colombia
Sustainable agriculture CBA
🇵🇪
Peru
Climate-smart value chains
🇸🇿
Eswatini
Adaptation options appraisal
🇨🇲
Cameroon
Mixed crop-livestock systems
🇿🇲
Zambia
Integrated modelling platform
USAID
US Agency for International Development
World Bank
International Finance & Development
DANIDA
Danish Development Cooperation
IKEA Foundation
R4ICSA Climate-Smart Programme
CGIAR / CIAT
Global Agricultural Research

Ready to build a data system that survives peer review and wins the boardroom?

Whether you need a multi-country survey architecture, an ex-ante CBA platform, or a digital data collection system for your next major program evaluation — let’s talk about what your evidence needs to prove.

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